Introduction to Ammonia Refrigeration is designed specifically in mind for people whom work around and or manage the ammonia refrigeration system. These prospective students don’t directly operate the system themselves. If so they should take Ammonia Operator 1. One does not have to be a 30 year vet to manage the system, but should know the basics with confidence and a general knowledge in industrial refrigeration . Key roles that that this class is designed for is plant management, supervisors, general safety, environmental safety, process safety, hazmat, and other key employee positions that have impact to the ammonia refrigeration system operations and maintenance tasks. We call this class

Intro to R-717 Refrigeration

No general background or prerequisites are needed to take this class. Aptitudes needed for for a better understanding will be mathematics, observation, applied technology, locating information, and reading for information. The class in a person is a 2 day session and online you have six months to complete.

The Intro to R-717 Refrigeration course entails a copy of the latest edition industrial ammonia refrigeration book hand selected by ARTS. This book is for the student to keep and reference not only during the class but their entire career. Topics to be covered are as follows:

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Each student enrolled will receive a copy of ARTS E-book titled “Introduction to Ammonia Refrigeration – Next Steps” and the course covers the following

Detailed Table of Contents

Chapter 1 – Process Safety Management

OSHA – PSM
OSHA – Safe Work Practice
OSHA – Respiratory Protection
OSHA – HazWoper
OSHA – General Duty
EPA – RMP
EPA – General Duty
IIAR
ASHRAE
ASME
NFPA
IMC

The Birth of Regulations – Page 1

What is Process Safety? – Page 4

Process Safety Inspections? – Page 6

Can I Be Interviewed During an Inspection / Audit? – Page 7

Difference Between a Roundsmen / Operator / Mechanic / Technician? – Page 8

Major Ammonia Accidents That Have Affected PSM? – Page 9

The Ammonia Respirator – Page 15

What is my PSM Liability / Accountability / Responsibility? – Page 18

PSM Team – Coaches / Players / Fans – Page 19

The Elements of PSM/RMP? – Page 21

The Acronyms of PSM – Page 22

The Interconnectivity of PSM– Page 23

The PSM Law? – Page 24

Best Practices / RAGAGEP? – Page 29

Hierarchy of Controls– Page 31

ARTG – Ammonia Refrigeration Training Guideline – Page 32

Tips for Operators – Page 35

First Few Weeks – Page 35

Shift Turnover – Page 36

Oil Draining – Page 37

Back to the Basics – Valve Turning – Page 40

Buddy Systems – Page 41

Walk Your Pipes – Page 42

Fatigue – Page – 43

Incidental Release vs Emergency Response – Page 44

Join Trade Associations – Page 46

Self-Education / Certification Goals / Career Goals – Page 47

Chapter 2 – R-717 Safety

What is NH₃? – Page 51

How is NH₃ Produced? – Page 52

Where is NH₃? – Page 52

What is NH₃ Used for? – Page 53

What is not Compatible with NH₃? – Page 54

Does NH₃ cause Cancer? – Page 55

NH3 Behavior Under Atmospheric Conditions? – Page 55

NH3 – The Inorganic Refrigerant – Page 56

NH₃ Specialized Numbers & Symbols – Page 57

NH3 Classifications – Page 59

Industrial Grade NH₃ vs. Refrigerant Grade NH₃vs. Agriculture NH₃– Page 61

Contaminated NH₃– Page 62

How much NH₃ should a Facility Have? – Page 64

Reporting Requirements for NH₃– Page 65

Chemical PPM and Percentage Conversions – Page 67

NH₃ – STEL – Page 71

NH₃ – PEL – Page 71

NH₃ – IDLH – Page 72

Common Injuries with NH₃ Exposure – Page 73

NH₃Flammability Concern? – Page 74

Finding Small NH₃ Leaks – Page 76

Liquid on Liquids? – Page 78

Water and NH₃ Gas? – Page 79

NH₃ Decontamination? – Page 80

PPE and Tools – Page 81

NH₃ Hoses – – Page 82

Trapping Liquid NH₃– Page – 83

Max Storage Capacity of Isolated NH₃ Vessels – Page 85

Other Detailed NH₃ Properties – Page 86

Variations in NH₃ Safety Data Sheets – Page 86

Personal Close Calls with NH_{3 –}– Page 87

Chapter 3 – Thermodynamics

Pressure
Temperature
Pressure / Temperature Relationships
Heat Transfer Types
Latent Heat
Sensible Heat

What is Thermodynamics? – Page 93

How Hot is Hot / How Cold is Cold? – Page 96

Temperature and Heat – Page 98

Specific Heat – Page 101

Sensible Heat – Page 103

Latent Heat – Page 103

Sensible Heat / Latent Heat – Water – Page 105

Heat Transfer Methods – Page 106

Materials in Which Heat Transfers – Page 107

Heat Load Example – Page 108

Heat Transfer Tips – Page 110

Chapter 4 – Saturated / Superheated / Subcooled

The Conditions of a Refrigerant? – Page 115

What is Saturation? – Page 116

Simple R-717 P/T Chart – Page 118

What is Superheated? – Page 124

What is Subcooled? – Page 126

Saturation, Superheating, and Subcooling Examples? – Page 127

How to Field Verify Saturation, Superheating, and Subcooling? – Page 129

Measuring Pressure – Page 130

Density and Volumes of Refrigerants at Various Pressures – Page 133

Detailed R-717 P/T Chart – Page 134

Chapter 5 – The Refrigeration Cycle

Major and Minor Components – Page 144

The Compressor – Page 145

The Condenser – Page 154

The Evaporator – Page 157

The Expansion Device – Page 159

The Four Steps of Refrigeration – Page 162

The Five Component Cycle – Page 169

Starting Up a System – Page 170

Cause & Effect – The Beginning of Troubleshooting – Page 173

Bedrock Understandings

- Tonnage
- Pipe Labels
- Valve Tags
- Open loop cycles vs closed loop
- Secondary Coolants
- Colored piping/insulated systems
- Types of Valves
- Emergency valves
- Oil draining
- Rounds / Walkthroughs
- Exhaust fans
- E-Stops
- Emergency Shutdowns
- Block Flow Drawings / P&IDs